Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside a computer. Often referred to as the “brain” of the computer, the CPU executes instructions from programs, performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations.

Key Functions of a CPU:

1. Fetch – Retrieves an instruction from memory.

2. Decode – Interprets what the instruction means.

3. Execute – Carries out the instruction using the appropriate components.

4. Store – Writes the result back to memory if needed.

Main Components of a CPU:

• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

• CU (Control Unit): Directs the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and to other parts of the computer.

• Registers: Small, fast storage locations directly in the CPU used for quick data access.

Key Performance Factors:

• Clock Speed (measured in GHz): Determines how many instructions the CPU can execute per second.

• Cores: Modern CPUs have multiple cores (dual-core, quad-core, etc.), allowing them to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

• Cache: Small memory located inside or close to the CPU for quick access to frequently used data.