What is Structure of Desktop Computer

The structure of a desktop computer refers to its physical components (hardware) and how they work together to perform computing tasks. Here's a breakdown of the main components and their functions:

1. System Unit (CPU Cabinet)

This is the main body of the desktop computer, containing most of the core hardware.

Inside the System Unit:

• Motherboard
  The main circuit board that connects all components. It houses the CPU, RAM, expansion cards, and connectors.

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  The "brain" of the computer; it processes instructions and performs calculations.

• Random Access Memory (RAM)
  Temporary memory used to store data the CPU needs quickly. It’s volatile, meaning it loses data when powered off.

• Storage Drive (HDD or SSD)
  Stores the operating system, software, and files.

  • HDD (Hard Disk Drive) – Mechanical, larger but slower.

  • SSD (Solid State Drive) – Faster and more reliable.

• Power Supply Unit (PSU)
  Converts electricity from the wall into usable power for the components.

• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
  Handles rendering of images, video, and graphics. It may be integrated (on the CPU/motherboard) or dedicated (a separate card).

• Cooling System
  Includes fans, heatsinks, and sometimes liquid cooling to prevent overheating.

• Expansion Cards
  Optional components like sound cards, network cards, or additional USB ports.

2. Input Devices

Used to send data and commands to the computer.

• Keyboard – For typing text and commands.

• Mouse – For pointing, clicking, and navigating.

• Other examples: scanner, webcam, joystick.

3. Output Devices

Used to display or output the results of the computer's processes.

• Monitor – Displays the visual output.

• Speakers – Output sound.

• Printers – Produce hard copies of documents.

4. Peripheral Devices

Additional devices that can be connected externally, like:

• USB drives

• External hard drives

• Game controllers

• External CD/DVD drives

5. Ports and Connectivity

• USB ports

• HDMI/VGA/DisplayPort

• Audio jacks

• Ethernet port

• Wi-Fi/Bluetooth (built-in or via adapters)