Credential Dumping

Credential dumping is a technique used by attackers to extract sensitive information, such as usernames and passwords, from a system or network. This information can then be used for unauthorized access or lateral movement within a network. Here are some key points about credential dumping:

1. Methods: Attackers may use various methods to perform credential dumping, including:

   • Memory Scraping: Extracting data from the system memory where credentials are temporarily stored.
   • File Extraction: Accessing files where credentials are stored, such as password hashes in the Windows SAM (Security Accounts Manager) or Linux shadow files.
   • API Calls: Utilizing system APIs to retrieve stored credentials.

2. Tools: Common tools used for credential dumping include:

   • Mimikatz: A well-known tool that can extract plaintext passwords, hashes, and Kerberos tickets from memory.
   • Windows Credential Editor (WCE): Another tool that focuses on Windows credentials.
   • Hashcat: Often used to crack password hashes obtained through dumping.

3. Detection and Prevention:

   • Implementing strong authentication mechanisms, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA), can reduce the risk.
   • Regularly monitoring for unusual access patterns and behavior can help detect potential credential dumping activities.
   • Keeping systems updated and applying security patches can close vulnerabilities that might be exploited for credential dumping.

4. Response: If credential dumping is detected, it's crucial to:

   • Isolate affected systems.
   • Change credentials for compromised accounts.
   • Conduct a thorough investigation to understand the extent of the breach.