Topic starter
Cyber threats come in many forms, but most fall into a few major categories based on how they attack systems or trick users.
1. Malware (Malicious Software)
Malware is any software designed to harm or exploit systems.
Common types:
- Viruses – attach to files and spread when opened
- Worms – spread automatically across networks
- Ransomware – locks your data and demands payment
- Spyware – secretly monitors your activity
- Trojans – disguise themselves as legitimate programs
2. Phishing Attacks
Phishing tricks people into revealing sensitive information like passwords or bank details.
Examples:
- Fake emails pretending to be from banks
- Messages with malicious links
- Fake login pages
3. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
In these attacks, a hacker secretly intercepts communication between two parties.
Example:
- Using public Wi-Fi to steal login details while you browse
4. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks
These attacks overload a system or website so it crashes or becomes unavailable.
- DoS – from a single source
- DDoS (Distributed DoS) – from many systems at once
5. Password Attacks
Attackers try to gain access by cracking passwords.
Methods include:
- Brute force (trying many combinations)
- Dictionary attacks (common passwords)
- Credential stuffing (using leaked passwords)
6. Social Engineering
Instead of hacking systems, attackers manipulate people.
Examples:
- Pretending to be IT support
- Asking for OTPs or passwords
- Creating fake urgency to trick victims
7. Insider Threats
Threats that come from inside an organization.
- Disgruntled employees
- Careless staff exposing data
- Misuse of access privileges
8. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)
These are long-term, targeted attacks where hackers secretly stay inside a system to steal data over time.
9. Zero-Day Exploits
Attacks that target unknown vulnerabilities—before developers can fix them.
10. Supply Chain Attacks
Hackers attack a trusted third-party service to indirectly access their target.
Posted : 09/04/2026 10:57 pm
