Some common ones include:
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Nmap: A powerful network scanning tool used for network discovery and security auditing.
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Metasploit Framework: A platform for developing, testing, and executing exploits against remote targets.
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Wireshark: A widely-used network protocol analyzer for packet capturing and detailed inspection of network traffic.
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Burp Suite: An integrated platform for performing security testing of web applications.
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Aircrack-ng: A set of tools for assessing Wi-Fi network security by analyzing WEP, WPA, and WPA2 encryption.
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John the Ripper: A password cracking tool that can be used to audit password strength and perform dictionary attacks.
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Hydra: A parallelized login cracker which supports numerous protocols to attack.
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Hashcat: An advanced password recovery tool for cracking passwords using various attack methods.
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sqlmap: An open-source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws.
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OpenVAS: A vulnerability scanning and management platform that assists in identifying and managing security vulnerabilities.
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Aircrack-ng: A suite of tools for assessing Wi-Fi network security.
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DirBuster: A tool used to brute force directories and files on web servers.
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Gobuster: A tool used to brute-force URIs (directories and files) in web servers and DNS subdomains.
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Maltego: A tool for open-source intelligence and forensics.